videos of sponge cell movements

sponge advancing edge, cells carrying spicules

cells crawling and canal reorganization

reformation of canals in disrupted sponge

8-minute movie, from which the clips above were taken

 

reaggregation

 

references

Harris, A.K. (1987) Cell motility and the problem of anatomical homeostasis. J. Cell Sci. supp. 8: 121-140. pdf file

Bond, C, and A. K. Harris (1988) Locomotion of sponges and its physical mechanism. J. Exp. Zool. 246: 271-284. pdf file

Bond, C. (1992). Continuous cell movements rearrange anatomical structures in intact sponges. J. Exp. Zool. 263: 284-302 pdf file